The attacks on universities by the Trump administration have proven that higher education has ¡°enemies¡± among authoritarian populist leaders and left other sectors wondering when they will be next, it has been warned.

Michael Ignatieff, who was rector of the Central European University (CEU) between 2016 and 2021 when the institution was expelled from Viktor Orb¨¢n¡¯s Hungary, said the Hungarian prime minister had provided enormous inspiration to politicians around the world.

Speaking at the Going Global conference, Ignatieff, also a former opposition leader in Canada, said Orb¨¢n was ¡°the master¡± who had learned that controlling universities which recruit and train elites means they can eventually control the political system.

¡°Authoritarian populists have grasped the crucial strategic importance of universities¡­and gives them the possibility of ideological control of a society as a whole.¡±

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As Trump continues to put pressure on US universities, Ignatieff, now professor of historical studies at the CEU, which has relocated to Austria, likened higher education to sitting on a mountaintop ¡°watching a storm forming on the horizon¡± over a nearby village.

¡°That village has been hit by lightning and thunder and storm, and our question now is how long will it be before that storm hits us?¡±

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¡°We¡¯re in a political battle. We cannot assume that the higher education sector in any of our countries is secure going forward. If the higher education sector can be attacked in the United States, let me tell you folks, it can be attacked anywhere,¡± he added.

¡°This sector has enemies. The American experience has shattered my confidence that the sector that I¡¯ve spent my entire life in is safe.¡±

Speaking at the British Council event in London, Ignatieff said the ¡°renationalisation¡± of one of the most outward-looking educational systems in the world had put international education under threat for the first time in his lifetime.

He warned that European universities were also at risk because of how reliant they are on the state for research funding ¨C allowing authoritarian governments to use it against them to shut down academic freedom.

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¡°I worry going forward that an authoritarian political regime could come to power¡­and begin to look at the way in which cutting off state funding or using the threat of cutting off state funding becomes an instrument to secure control of the higher education sector.¡±

Another weakness of the European sector is the lack of statutory protection for academic freedom which makes?universities vulnerable, he added, as?does rising tuition fees in many countries.

¡°The increasing costs of higher education are weakening domestic popular political support for higher education. It becomes easier and easier for populist politicians to attack higher education as a kind of elite luxury that the taxpayer pays for.¡±

Speaking at the same session, Maddalaine Ansell, director of education at the British Council, said the values that underpin higher education are coming under threat because of populism and polarisation.

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¡°In some places, academic freedom is challenged from without and highly polarised views amongst students and staff can affect robust debate within institutions.

¡°As nations focus on domestic issues, it can be harder to win arguments that internationalisation of higher education deserves government support through regulatory support, including an enabling visa system and funding for international collaboration.¡±

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patrick.jack@timeshighereducation.com