Browse the full results of the World University Rankings 2026

�ճ��������Vlog��World University Rankings��are the only global performance tables that judge research-intensive universities across all their core missions: teaching, research, knowledge transfer and international outlook.

We use 18 carefully calibrated performance indicators to provide the most comprehensive and balanced comparisons, trusted by students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments. One of the metrics (study abroad)��currently has zero weight but we intend to include it in future, subject to review and consultation (see below).

Discover how universities are ranked, the indicators that are used, and why the THE World University Rankings is a trusted benchmark for global university performance.

Download the full methodology as a PDF at the bottom of this page.

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Key criteria for the World University Rankings

Five core pillars of evaluation

1. Teaching (the learning environment)
2. Research environment (volume, income and reputation)
3. Research quality (citation impact, research strength, research excellence and research influence)
4. International outlook (staff, students and research)
5. Industry (income and patents)

How are the World University Rankings calculated?

Metrics included

Teaching (the learning environment): 29.5%

• Teaching reputation: 15%
• Staff-to-student ratio: 4.5%
• Doctorate-to-bachelor’s ratio: 2%
• Doctorates-awarded-to-academic-staff ratio: 5.5%
• Institutional income: 2.5%

The most recent��Academic Reputation Survey��(run annually by��THE) that underpins this category was carried out between November 2024 and January 2025. We have run the survey to ensure a balanced spread of responses across disciplines and countries. Where disciplines or countries were over- or under-represented,��THE’s data team weighted the responses to fully reflect the global distribution of scholars. In 2024, we implemented an additional measure looking at��the number of institutions that have academics voting for a particular university. The 2025 data is combined with the results of the 2024 survey, giving more than 108,000 responses.

As well as giving a sense of how committed an institution is to nurturing the next generation of academics, a high proportion of postgraduate research students also suggests the provision of teaching at the highest level that is thus attractive to graduates and effective at developing them. This indicator is normalised to take account of a university’s unique subject mix, reflecting that the volume of doctoral awards varies by discipline.

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Institutional income is scaled against academic staff numbers and normalised for purchasing-power parity (PPP). It indicates an institution’s general status and gives a broad sense of the infrastructure and facilities available to students and staff.

Research environment: 29%

• Research reputation: 18%
• Research income: 5.5%
• Research productivity: 5.5%

The most prominent indicator in this category looks at a university’s reputation for research excellence among its peers, based on the responses to our annual Academic Reputation Survey (see above).

Research income is scaled against academic staff numbers and adjusted for PPP. This is a controversial indicator because it can be influenced by national policy and economic circumstances. But income is crucial to the development of world-class research, and because much of it is subject to competition and judged by peer review, our experts suggested that it was a valid measure. This indicator is fully normalised to take account of each university’s distinct subject profile, reflecting the fact that research grants in science subjects are often��larger than those awarded for the highest-quality social science, arts and humanities research.

To measure productivity, we count the number of publications published in the academic journals indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database per scholar, scaled for institutional size and normalised for subject. This gives a sense of the university’s ability to get papers published in quality peer-reviewed journals. From the 2018 rankings, we devised a method to give credit for papers that are published in subjects where a university declares no��staff.

Research quality: 30%

• Citation impact: 15%
• Research strength: 5%
• Research excellence: 5%
• Research influence: 5%

Our research quality pillar looks at universities’ role in spreading new knowledge and ideas.

We examine citation impact by capturing the average number of times a university’s published work is cited by scholars globally. This year, our bibliometric data supplier Elsevier��provided 174.9 million citations to 18.7 million journal articles, article reviews, conference proceedings, books and book chapters published over five years. The data include more than��28,700 active peer-reviewed journals indexed by Elsevier’s Scopus database and all indexed publications between 2020 and 2024. Citations to these publications made in the six years from 2020 to 2025 are also collected.��

The citations help to show us how much each university is contributing to the sum of human knowledge: they tell us whose research has stood out, has been picked up and built on by other scholars and, most importantly, has been shared around the global scholarly community to expand the boundaries of our understanding, irrespective of discipline.

The data��is normalised to reflect variations in citation volume between different subject areas. This means that institutions with high levels of research activity in subjects with traditionally high citation counts do not gain an unfair advantage.

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We have blended equal measures of a country-adjusted and non-country-adjusted raw measure of citations scores.

Three new research quality measures were added in 2023. Research strength calculates the 75th��percentile of field-weighted citation impact – a very robust guide to how strong typical research is.

Research excellence looks at the number of research publications in the top 10��per cent for field-weighted citation impact worldwide – a guide to the amount of world-leading research at an institution. It is normalised by year, subject and staff numbers.

Research influence helps us understand when research is recognised in turn by the most influential research in the world – a broader look at excellence. The idea behind the metric is that the value of citations is��not equal: a citation from an “important” paper is more significant than a citation from an “unimportant” one. We use an iterative method to measure the importance of a paper not only by counting the number of citations but by taking into account the importance of the citing papers. We also consider the subject of the research, because different disciplines have different citation patterns.

International outlook: 7.5%

• Proportion of international students: 2.5%
• Proportion of international staff: 2.5%
• International collaboration: 2.5%

The ability of a university to attract undergraduates, postgraduates and faculty from all over the planet is key to its success on the world stage. In the third international indicator, we calculate the proportion of a university’s total relevant publications that have at least one international co-author and reward higher volumes. This indicator is normalised to account for a university’s subject mix and uses the same five-year window as the “Research quality” category.

Large countries have been disadvantaged compared with small countries in our international metrics, in that it is “easier” for staff and students in small countries to work or study abroad.​ This led us to change our normalisation approach for the three measures,��now taking into consideration the population of a country when evaluating these metrics.

A study abroad metric – assessing the provision of international learning opportunities for domestic students – complements the International Outlook pillar but is currently given a weighting of 0��per cent. The zero weighting was designed to be a temporary provision due to the impact of Covid-19 on travel, but this metric will only be introduced when �ձᷡ’s data team is satisfied with the quality, rigour and international comparability of the data and after consultation on its use and weighting.��

Industry: 4%

• Industry income: 2%
• Patents: 2%

A university’s ability to help industry with innovations, inventions and consultancy has become a core mission of the contemporary global academy. The industry income metric seeks to capture such knowledge-transfer activity by looking at how much research income an institution earns from industry (adjusted for PPP), scaled against the number of academic staff it employs.

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The metric suggests the extent to which businesses are willing to pay for research and a university’s ability to attract funding in the commercial marketplace – useful indicators of institutional quality.

But the extent to which universities are supporting their national economies through technology transfer is an area that deserves greater recognition. The patents metric, introduced in 2023, is defined as the number of patents from any source that cite research conducted by the university.

The data is provided by Elsevier and relates to patents published between 2020 and 2024 (not research published between these dates).��This year, sources for patents have been extended beyond the World Intellectual Property Organisation, the European Patent Office, and the patent offices of the US, the UK and Japan, to include more than 100 patent offices around the world. In total,��43 are relevant for the time period.

This measure is subject-weighted to avoid penalising universities producing research in fields low in patents, and scaled for institutional size.

Producing the overall ranking

Data collection

Institutions provide and sign off their institutional data for use in the rankings. On the rare occasions when a particular data point at a subject level is not provided, we use an estimate calculated from the overall data point and any available subject-level data point. If a metric score cannot be calculated because of missing data points, it is imputed using a��conservative estimate. By doing this, we avoid penalising an institution too harshly with a “zero” value for data that it overlooks or does not provide but we do not reward it for withholding such information.

Getting to the final result

Moving from a series of specific data points to indicators, and finally to a total score for an institution, requires us to match values that represent fundamentally different data. To do this, we use a standardisation approach for each indicator, and then combine the indicators in the proportions we detail above.

The standardisation approach we use is based on the distribution of data within a particular indicator, where we calculate a cumulative probability function, and evaluate where a particular institution’s indicator sits within that function.

For most metrics, we calculate the cumulative probability function using a version of Z-scoring. The distribution of data in the metrics on��teaching reputation, research reputation, research excellence, research influence and patents requires us to use an exponential component.

Inclusion criteria for World University Rankings

Universities can be excluded from the World University Rankings if they do not teach undergraduates, or if their research output amounted to fewer than 1,000 relevant publications between 2020 and 2024 (with a minimum of��100 a��year). Universities can also be excluded if 80��per cent or more of their research output is exclusively in one of our 11 subject areas.

Universities at the bottom of the table that are listed as having “reporter” status provided data but did not meet our eligibility criteria to receive a��rank.

Understanding the results

The data shown under key statistics��is that��provided by the university itself in its submission to the������Vlog��World University Rankings. Unless stated otherwise, it represents data from the 2022 academic year and may vary from subsequent or earlier years. “N/A” means that the institution has not provided the relevant value or values.

Students
This is the number of full-time-equivalent students at the university.

Student-to-staff ratio
This is the ratio of full-time-equivalent students to the number of academic staff – those involved in teaching or research.

International students
The percentage of students originating from outside the country in which the university is based.

Female-to-male ratio
The ratio of female to male students at the university.

Banded institutions
Precise ranks and overall scores are shown for the institutions ranked in the top 200. We then display banded ranks and overall scores for institutions in the rest of the table because the difference between their scores is not statistically significant. Precise pillar scores are displayed for each ranked institution.

Institutions that are ranked within bands are listed in alphabetical order. All the universities ranked within the same band have the same position. For instance, if the top two universities in country A are ranked in the same band (201-250), they are both ranked joint first��in Country A.

Reporter institutions
Universities at the bottom of the table that are listed as having��“reporter” status��provided data but did not meet our��eligibility criteria��to receive a rank.��Institutions have the option to opt out of being displayed as reporters should they not meet the eligibility criteria.

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How the World University Rankings support decision-making

For students and academics

• Identify the world’s top universities
• Understand the focus areas of each institution

For universities

• Benchmark performance against global standards
• Highlight strengths to attract international students and partnerships