Apparently 鈥渃heating is blossoming鈥 in Russian universities (鈥Cheating is rife in Russia, finds student survey鈥, News, 26 March). This is nothing new. The use of shpargalki (cribs) has a long and dishonourable tradition in Russian education. These minutely written notes on very small rolls of paper that can be concealed in the hand have ingenious variants such as notes hidden inside a special pen or wristwatch. Many students in Russia believe that a 鈥渟tudent without shpargalki is not a student鈥.
R. E. Rawles
Honorary research fellow in psychology
University College London
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